Carlos de Beistegui,
at once a hidalgo and an Old Etonian, expressed his pride of race by his
perfect yet distant manners and his exact knowledge of the rules of precedence,
and kept it in good trim through his liking for the company of royalty and
pretty women. Perhaps he tried to emulate Louis XIV by always choosing his
favourites from the best society; at any rate, they surrounded him until the
end of his life with a patient and elegant court, which moved with him from his
house in the Faubourg Saint-Germain to the Chateau de Groussay outside Paris
and his palazzo in Venice, in each of which places he gave brilliant and
perfectly organized receptions that people did not attend simply to have fun.
If he went to stay with friends in the stately homes of Scotland and Ireland,
or in Austrian or Roman palaces, or travelled in Brazil or Egypt, he was always
accompanied by a large retinue of lady friends, maids, doctors and secretaries.
During his last years, after he had suffered a stroke, he could behave rather
despotically, but at least he refrained from burdening himself with a Mme. de
Maintenon.
Cecil Beaton wrote in his diary: "Beistegui is utterly ruthless. Such qualities as sympathy, pity or even gratitude are sadly lacking. He has become the most self-engrossed and pleasure-seeking person I have met."
Don Carlos was not without a certain insolent
sense of humor. Once, when he was a guest in the house of a lady whose taste
was not equal to her wealth, he went from room to room looking at everything,
but failing to utter any of the compliments eagerly awaited by the hostess.
Finally, touching the braided edge of a curtain with his forefinger, he
remarked: “That ... is very nice”
and, being well-bred, he bestowed on the curtain all the praise he had been
unable to lavish on the furniture.
He may have been a megalomaniac but, like the
great English eccentrics and certain eighteenth-century German princes who were
able to surround themselves with a setting corresponding to their imagination,
he showed simplicity in his splendor. Each new residence became the scene of
different social rites, in which nothing was left to chance. Each kept him busy
for a number of years and allowed him to keep boredom at bay. When a particular
place had reached a point at which nothing more could be added without
destroying the harmonious balance of the whole, it ceased to please and another
had to be found to receive the careful treatment that would make it worthy of
its master.
The first of these much talked-about
residences was one which he occupied in the Thirties on the top two
Let
me quote from Cecil Beaton's The Glass of
Fashion, in which the English photographer describes the effect produced
upon him by this apartment a few years before the war: "His rooftop
apartment in the Champs-Elysees was a dazzling hodgepodge of Napoleon Trois, Le
Corbusier modernism, mechanism and Surrealism. Not since Louis of Bavaria had
there been so many candelabra in one room; Catherine of Russia never had so
many gold boxes on one table. Certainly never before had anyone seen the like
of Beistegui's terrace. After mounting a white spiral staircase, the visitor pressed
an electric button that caused a glass wall to roll back. Thus was revealed a
terrace that overlooked the traffic and lights of the Champs Elysees. It was
furnished with Louis Quinze furniture that had been painted white and placed on
a grass carpet open to the sky. In this fantastic apartment, mirrors, in all
their narcissistic forms, were used for decoration; On the top of the long
dining table, for festoons of stylized drapery shrouding windows or doorways. A
giant statue of a Negress with shoots of ostrich feathers on her turbaned head
stood like a Saxe figurine between a phalanx of crystal girandoles. A baroque
rocking horse, harnessed with precious jewels, pranced among obelisks of
porphyry."
When one looks back now at the illustrations
in the 1930 Vogue, one is staggered
by the arrangement of the baroque elements on smooth surfaces next to the huge
windows and by the metal staircase winding round a twisted crystal column.
It
was at this period that M. de Beistegui appeared as Charles Swann at the
"1900 Ball" given by Prince Jean-Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge. The
"Cagliostro Ball" given by the Marchesa Casati was also significant
of the return to the baroque, since society was looking for a kind of
brilliance not to be found in a chaste decorative style. And Don Carlos was the
first person to dare to go in for bravura effects in decoration.
The fact that he turned his back on the
avant-garde after being one of the first persons in high society to encourage
it (together with the Vicomte de Noailles who had a villa built at Hyeres by
Mallet-Stevens) surprised those people who were at last making up their minds
to support it. His answer was: "I like what is unique. Modern furniture
can only be mass-produced; all the items in a modern decorative scheme are
thought of in terms of their collective utilization; I am therefore reverting
to old-style decoration and to craftsmen who can make me precisely what I want,
and for me alone."
His other Parisian residence was a house in
the Louis Quinze style on the Esplanade des Invalides. In the
Faubourg Saint-Germain, M. de Beistegui created a setting worthy of a ducal household.
It had an imposing
The great period of this house coincided with
Dior's first collections because Dior too, after a lapse of so many years, had
rediscovered a feeling for splendor.
Impressive brocaded gowns, evening capes and
sequined bodices were the fashion at M. de Beistegui's court, where he was
undoubtedly king and the queens were Mrs. Fellowes, Lady Diana Cooper and a
number of South American ladies. The outstanding figure was Daisy Fellowes, who
was as hard and brilliant as a diamond, and was always shown Dior's collections
forty-eight hours before anyone else.
This court reached its apotheosis in the
famous Venetian ball of the summer of 1951. Cocteau and Beaton, Dali and Dior,
royalty and couturiers (it had not yet become the fashion to invite hairdressers)
showed
Excerpt from 'Wait For me!' Memoires of the youngest Mitford Sister, Deborah Devonshire:
"The extravaganza gave rise to green-eyed jealousy over invitations and was the talk of London, Paris and New York for months . . .
The
ball was an unforgettable theatrical performance with entrees of men and women
in exquisite costumes. M. de Beistegui, in a vast wig of cascading golden curls
and a lavishly embroidered brocade coat . . .
Daisy
Fellowes regularly voted the best dressed woman in France and America,
portrayed the Queen of Africa from the Tiepolo frescoes in Würzburg. She wore a dress trimmed with leopard print,
the first time we had seen such a thing (still fashionable today, sixty years
on), and was attended by four young men painted the color of mahogany. So many women threatened to be Cleopatra that
the host decided to settle it himself and named Diana Cooper for the roll."
He bought huge pieces of furniture, cabinets,
consoles supported by figure of Hercules that had been made for Roman palaces,
vast canvases that had adorned English castles, the kind of epic vases that
emperors used to send each other, sequences of tapestries that had, rustled on
the walls of French chateaus and candelabra that must have illuminate, the
Congress of Vienna. The doges, admirals, marshals, cardinals, lords and grand duchesses
who figure in the portraits would have felt perfectly at home, in the Palazzo
Labia, if they had stepped down from their armoried frames. It was a very European
residence, a superb assembly of furniture.
Yet this historic setting was not at all like
a museum. It included everything from Baroque to Empire, since M. de
Beistegui's great principle was that styles should be mixed, because he considered
faultless reconstitutions lacking in warmth. As it happened, the Venetian
armchairs, as gilded as a high altar, were a perfect match for the English
portraits the big pink and blue Chinese vases stood out against the dark
greenery of the tapestries and the Empire bronzes were exactly right on the
ebony cabinets. It was a setting created by someone who was an artist rather
than a historian.
Quite often, before he had found the ideal
object, M. de Beistegui would make do with second-rate ones, the mass and color
which corresponded to his intentions; he was no despiser of copies. His carpets were woven for him in Madrid,
according
to Savonnerie designs. He liked comfortable, tapestry-upholstered chairs in the
most formal rooms, and their color always determined the overall tone of the picture
that the finished room was meant to present. He had also bought, and had
repaired, quantities of antique curtains, tablecloths and door-curtains
embroidered with coats of arms, all of which gave added verisimilitude.
He had a number of very good pictures but their
quality was more or less accidental, since they were there because they
happened to fit in. His preference was for inventing huge trompe-l’oel effects with the help of antique elements, like the
homage to the Venetian admirals in the entrance hall of the Palazzo. He liked
false vistas, which prolonged the pattern of a drawing room with gardens and
pavilions, and mirrors which diversified dimensions. Often, the decoration of a
salon would be dictated by a sequence of tapestries. The famous Story of Scipio series, after Giulio
Romano, demanded Italian armchairs in embossed, plum colored velvet, while Aubusson
tapestries in the Chinese style required a green background and leather
armchairs. The flowered curtains surmounted by gilded wood pelmets, a very
appropriate setting for a series of Chinese vases, made the doorways look
rather like theatre curtains opening out to reveal some marvelous stage set.
The living quarters were just as delightful
as the reception rooms were sumptuous; there were little apartments under the
eaves opening onto balconies with azulejos
and furnished either in the Venetian manner with painted furniture or in the
colonial style with brass and mahogany. The bedrooms were decorated with
engravings, primitive paintings and tapestry carpets. Each of them could
provide a starting-point for some imaginary existence, so carefully was
everything chosen, even down to the smallest item. There was not the slightest
flaw in the daydreams that Don Carlos offered his guests. They could find their
way down to the canals by secret staircases and go in search of the Venice of tempi passati. It would have been exciting,
but hardly surprising, to hear Lord Byron or D'Annunzio being announced as
guests at dinner: "Writers! Charlie had better look out." The
opposite of the Palazzo Labia is Peggy Guggenheim's residence, the Palazzo Non
Finito.
The Palazzo Labia was soon the Palazzo Troppo
Finito. When the last bathroom of the last bedroom had been completed, when the
walI-lights had at last been found for the smallest sitting room, when there
was not
Today, there is only one place in Europe
which can give some idea of what M. de Beistegui achieved in the Palazzo Labbia;
it is the Schloss Fasanerie, near Fulda, in Germany, where H.R.H. the Landgrave
of Hesse has assembled treasures from all the residences belonging to his
family. It shows the same feeling for historical truth, combined with
infallible taste in the arrangement of objects and the matching of colors, but
in this case they are all masterpieces, not elements of trompe. Other inklings
can be gleaned from places where the setting has not been restored but
preserved, as at Pommersfelden, near Bamberg, in Germany, the house of Count
Schoenborn, the Palazzo Colonna, several English country houses, and Apsley
House in London, which has been admirably arranged by the Duke of Wellington,
another outstanding interior designer.
Just before the outbreak of war, M. de
Beistegui bought, at Monfort l'Amaury, to the South of Paris, a château built
after the Restoration by the Duchesse de Tourzel, who had been the governess
in charge of the royal children before the Revolution. In spite of the
difficulties, M. de Beistegui succeeded in the next four years in creating one
of the most elegant houses in Europe. During the German occupation, those who
were invited to Groussay found themselves in another world. A coach would be
waiting for them at the station; they would find a copious tea in a well-heated
drawing room; a bath would be ready in their bathroom. And the talk would be of
furniture and gardens (the kitchen garden supplied the needs of the chateau and
the guests). The architecture was simple, the park very fine and the windows
looked out onto woods. This time, Don Carlos, who always respected the spirit
of a given place, created a family chateau packed with imitation souvenirs.
There were miniatures, and even photographs grouped together under greenery as
at Sandringham, corridors lined with engravings of forgotten characters, drawing
rooms decorated with Restoration portraits and tables covered with albums.
At the beginning, the chateau was meant as a
country residence corresponding to the house in Paris, but when the work in
Venice came to an end and the less extravagant pieces of furniture from the
Palazzo Labia arrived in France, M. de Beistegui concentrated his attention on
Groussay and turned the family château, more accurately the park, into the last
eighteenth-century ensemble and a worthy rival to Schwetzingen, Twickenham or
Pavlovsk. Whereas Arturo Lopez was making his Trianon in Neuilly into a storehouse
of eighteenth-century styles, with an occasional more exotic note better suited
to La Perichole than to Mme. de Pompadour, M. de Beistegui was turning Groussay
into a shrine of good breeding, marked by that style which owes more to taste
than to the quality of the objects concerned and which, even when the objects
are of a very high quality, does not emphasize them, just as politeness would
have led the host to make the guests the temporary equals of La Pompadour
herself.
In some houses the setting is designed to
show off some unique picture or pieces of furniture but, in M. de Beistegui's
residences, on the contrary, the setting was intended as a means of enhancing
the uniqueness of the owner. This was also true of the Vicomte de Noaille's residences,
but it was not the case with Arturo Lopez's house or with certain Rothschild
residences. In Venice one had the impression that the furniture had been
inherited directly from princes of the Holy Roman Empire or from English dukes,
but at Groussay it was as if the descendants of Mme. de Tourzel, an aristocrat
connected with all the families of the Faubourg Saint-Germain, had assembled a
mass of objects polished by generations of faithful retainers.
The bedrooms had a Second Empire atmosphere,
simplified through English influence. It was easy to imagine that they were
about to be occupied by the gentlemen in James Tissot's famous picture, Le
Balcon du Cercle de la Rue Royale, who were for the young Proust the acme of
elegance. And in the reception rooms, one had the feeling that Mme. de
Pourtales, the Gallifets or the Metternichs, or even the Prince of Wales, might
arrive at any moment. At Groussay, it was decided what was "in" and
what was "out."
Life there was not simply weekending but the
existence appropriate to a stately home, the sort of existence that has
supplied novelists from Lados to Henry James with so much material. The guests
would call on each other in their different apartments. There were rooms appropriate
to any circumstances that might occur. If there were more than twelve guests at
a meal, it was served in a very large dining room. There was also a sort of
oval, mahogany-furnished English dining room, or rather breakfast room, where
the round table could seat no more than six; and, when faithful friends came to
visit the invalid monarch on weekdays, four people would dine in the gallery
above the entrance hall, each at a small individual table.
Gradually, as M. de Beistegui spent more time
in the country, his fancy led him to recreate more curious atmospheres. He
extended the chateau by means of wings which were designed by M. Terry. The
west wing contained a theater capable of seating 200 spectators; it was one of
the owner's most remarkable achievements, but unfortunately was very rarely
used. Follies sprang up in the park. There was a Dutch inspired dining room
with delft tiles in that blend of green and blue that he was particularly fond
of. A visit to the Duke of Wellington's house at Stratfield Saye prompted him
to create a "print room."
After a trip to Sweden he built a tent-shaped pavilion, a replica of the one at the Castle of Haga near Stockholm, in blue and white striped zinc lined with delft-style tiles and with Chinese-like vases made of painted sheet metal guarding the entrance.
These
constructions were so many imaginative settings in which to lead a life that
was thought of as a perpetual round of festivities, and they were not unlike
the extravagant decors erected by the Menus Plaisirs-the people in charge of
arranging balls and entertainments at Versailles. From Ireland he got the idea
of obelisks and triumphal arches, similar to those which adorn Connolly Park
near Dublin, but his arches were never built.
He
was also impressed by the pavilions reflected in the rhododendron-bordered lake
at Stourhead.
He
built a Chinese pagoda on a small stream rather Victorian Chinese, as it
happened, with china elephants.
There was a pyramid, a Palladian bridge and a
column with a staircase winding up it.
M.
de Laborde who, during Louis XVI's reign, built so many follies in his park at
Mereville, would have felt quite at home at Groussay; so would Lord Burlington,
who introduced Palladian architecture into England, and still more so the
Prince de Ligne, whose book, Coup d'Ceil
sur Bel-Ceil, was one of the bibles of the chateau.
The work was done by teams, under the often
tyrannical direction of Don Carlos. Emilio Terry would submit sketches,
Serebriakoff made careful models and watercolor drawings to show the effect
that each construction would produce on the landscape, and gardeners and
sculptors were called upon to give advice. With the years M. de Beistegui grew
increasingly impatient and demanded that his builders, cabinetmakers and
gardeners should work at an ever quicker rate. He would have liked to have a
maze, rostral columns and a temple of love.
Up to the day of his death he drove himself
about in a strange vehicle, a Fiat 500, which had no doors and was painted to
look like wood. He supervised the work in progress like Louis XIV at Marly,
imagining a vista, or deflecting the course of a stream, as if each new project
would prolong his life. Someone who knew him well believes that his frantic
urge to build was a reaction against a tendency to self-destruction resulting
from the stroke he had suffered in 1960. He asked that the Palazzo and the
house in Paris should be dismantled and, at Groussay, he destroyed certain
features even in rooms that were entirely successful.
His death put an end to building. The Château passed to his brother, and then
his nephew, who sold it in
It should be frankly admitted that a
luxurious mansion may be every bit as valuable as a cultural centre. M. de
Beistegui was sourly, but accurately enough, reproached by some people for
having spent a great deal of money without patronizing a single contemporary
artist, since his attempt to recreate the past caused him deliberately to turn
his back on the present. The answer is easy: the owner of Groussay, like all
aristocrats, was conscious of being a fossilized remnant of the past, a
representative of a race whose last survivors live in the precarious shelter of
a few German or Italian palaces, and such an anachronistic being needed to
recreate his natural environment artificially in order to continue to exist. In
this environment, anything that might remind him of our world would seem like a
deadly germ. Also, although he did not give employment to artists, he provided a
livelihood for many artisans, upholsterers, stucco-moulders and cabinetmakers,
who could only satisfy him by rediscovering the ancient processes of
craftsmanship.
